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  • What is your favorite subject? What is your favorite genre? What career do you imagine for yourself in the future? These are the types of questions we should ask our students at the beginning of every year, starting in kindergarten, to get a sense of their interests. Depending on their age, we can have our students draw a picture, compose an answer, orally communicate thoughts, or complete a written survey.
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    What Teaching for Career Readiness Looks Like

    by Kathryn Starke
     | Sep 19, 2013
    What is your favorite subject?
    What is your favorite genre?
    What career do you imagine for yourself in the future?


    These are the types of questions we should ask our students at the beginning of every year, starting in kindergarten, to get a sense of their interests. Depending on their age, we can have our students draw a picture, compose an answer, orally communicate thoughts, or complete a written survey. Each child's individual responses should be used to gear instruction by focusing on career readiness skills in grades K–12.

    p: Kate B. Harding via photopin cc
    Teachers can effectively use this information to create units of study in science, social studies, and health. Choosing topics like agriculture, government, animals, and the circulatory system allow children to explore a variety of subjects finding out what they really like and don't like. Based on this concept, we make educational and developmentally appropriate lessons that enable students to start inventing their future.

    Elementary school teachers should select leveled texts for small group guided reading instruction that match the academic strengths and weaknesses as well as the groups' favorite topics and genre. We need to use high-interest level books to increase engagement and academic success. We should also incorporate content area literacy throughout the day to expose our students to fiction and nonfiction texts that teach not only the standards, but also current events and real world experiences. With this style of instruction, curious children should start to wonder what career path is just right for them.

    A schoolwide literacy emphasis is an extremely effective way to promote career readiness skills. This begins with teaching the foundations of reading in kindergarten and first grade, which is necessary for children to become independent, fluent readers in upper grades.

    The ultimate goal of reading is of course, comprehension, which also requires strategy based teaching for our students to be thinkers. We should showcase the value of inquiry. Children of all ages need to be encouraged to not only answer questions but ask questions about content area text, with a specific emphasis on informational text. Six-year-olds should include who, what, when, where, why, and how in their daily language and conversations. Questions should continue to increase in levels of complexity as students progress throughout their schooling career to only create broader ranges of knowledge.

    The same thing goes with vocabulary. Depending on a child's background, they will enter kindergarten with a range of 500 to 1100 words. We need to incorporate daily readalouds at least one grade level ahead to increase vocabulary and utilize new words in conversation. Listening and speaking are two standards to teach oral language, but are also lifelong communication skills. Use nonfiction books, especially in science, history, and social studies are key to expanding knowledge. Reading and writing throughout all content areas opens the doors for higher level thinking and reflection.

    To foster independent thinkers, we need to teach children to understand other perspectives and cultures and to determine meaning. We want to provide children with a variety of primary and secondary sources to teach children about people, places, and events. We also should teach fact and opinion in both fiction, nonfiction, and current events. Encouraging children to research facts and expressing opinions on a variety of topics is a powerful teachable moment.

    In addition to subject matter, there are many things we need to teach our students to be career ready in the future. A large focus is on technology and how to implement it effectively to increase academic success. “Twenty-first century learning skills” is certainly a buzz phrase today, but it describes how we should educate the children of the 2000s so they can be successful adults in the future. Some of these skills including independence and initiative; these may be natural characteristics of some students, but are ones we have to model and teach others. Punctuality, attendance, positive attitudes, and a willingness to work are also factors that should be commended at an early age so they recognize their value throughout life.

    Other career readiness skills that should be implemented during the school day include problem solving and teamwork. Problem-based learning is just one style of instruction that promotes inquiry, problem, and solution. Teamwork and collaboration should also be a part of your daily routine for the students. This will enable them to learn to work together, share, lead, and be team players.

    In order for children to choose a career pathway just for themselves, they have to recognize their strengths, weaknesses, likes, and dislikes. They also have to possess the lifelong skills to succeed. We should provide all of our students an educational experience that will allow them to be career ready for the future.

    Kathryn Starke is an urban literacy specialist, children's author, and the founder/CEO of Creative Minds Publications. Visit www.creativemindspublications.com to learn more about her global educational company.

    © 2013 Kathryn Starke. Please do not reproduce in any form, electronic or otherwise.


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  • With the recently released Steve Jobs biopic, Apple’s legendary founder and pitchman is back in our national psyche. We can all agree that Jobs changed how we view design and creativity by elevating the quality and tools of many of the technologies we use every day. He was also a natural showman, and his Apple speeches were must-watch events for Apple fans around the globe.
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    Teachers: You, Too, Can Present Like Steve Jobs

    by Amanda Richardson
     | Sep 12, 2013
    With the recently released Steve Jobs biopic, Apple’s legendary founder and pitchman is back in our national psyche. We can all agree that Jobs changed how we view design and creativity by elevating the quality and tools of many of the technologies we use every day. He was also a natural showman, and his Apple speeches were must-watch events for Apple fans around the globe.

    p: acaben via photopin cc
    To better engage their students this school year, teachers can learn a great deal from the undisputed king of tech presentations. Wouldn’t it be amazing to have students raving about your recent history lecture or biology talk like they would the latest iPhone or iPad?

    At Prezi, we love helping anyone—especially educators—share their ideas more effectively. It’s a main reason why Prezi now has over 27 million users in more than 190 countries, including millions of teachers and students. To deliver a lecture like the Steve Jobs of the classroom, try the following simple tips and tricks.

    1. Engage students through storytelling.

    Steve Jobs was a master storyteller who used stories to connect emotionally with his audience. Unfortunately, many students have become numb to conventional classroom presentations, where they’re confronted with slide after slide containing too much information in quick, disjointed succession.

    As a teacher, you can tell better stories by revealing “how” something happened in addition to just the “what” or “why.” Visual tools can really help support this storytelling. For instance, Prezi’s zooming canvas lends itself to storytelling because it naturally shows the connections between all of the details. Other visuals such as props, photos, or YouTube clips can help convey you story, too.

    2. Communicate both the “forest” as well as the “trees.”

    Steve Jobs was famous for presenting the big picture vision of his ideas without neglecting the fine details. Many teachers are good at either of these things, but you can build a much better classroom presence by keeping both in balance. Seek to highlight the interesting details of a topic, but force yourself to keep coming back to the main idea.

    Students will actually learn this by example: They will naturally observe how you keep the logical progression going from smaller supporting topics to the bigger picture and will naturally channel this experience when giving their own speech in front of an audience.

    We’ve even worked hard to build this kind of balanced communication directly into Prezi. Rather than being stuck in a static slide, with no context of where you came from or where you’re going, Prezi’s zooming canvas empowers you to show the big picture and then zoom in on the details. This adds relevant context to your idea by presenting an integrated view of how each detail relates to each other and to the overarching concept you’re trying to convey.

    3. Make presentations more collaborative.

    Steve Jobs spent months on his presentations, collaborating with colleagues and even responding to customer emails. Encourage students to not only interact vocally but allow them to make additions to your talk, making it a lively “streaming” presentation of sorts. This will create a classroom experience that’s bilateral as opposed to unilateral, where information is flowing from teacher to student and vice versa, thus encouraging the creativity of the audience.

    Students will learn not only the content of your presentation, but also the power of working and collaborating with others. That’s a great skill to have no matter what career they may choose.

    This is also one aspect of Prezi that I’m really proud of: It’s great for interactive classroom sessions or group projects. Using Prezi, you or your students can collaborate in real time with up to 10 others, whether in the classroom or at home, to brainstorm and create your presentation on one shared virtual whiteboard. Some teachers have even told us that students who won’t normally participate in a class discussion verbally will do so electronically through Prezi.

    4. Strive for portability and accessibility.

    Because Steve Jobs wanted to maximize the impact of his presentations, he shared them with fans all over the world. Make your presentations shareable, searchable and easy to download on the web through various tools that are available to you for free. Encourage your students to download and study your presentations, and to perhaps create presentations themselves and store them online for your class to later discuss.

    If you’d like to use Prezi for this, we always store your presentations in the cloud for easy access from anywhere—even from an iPhone or iPad. We’ve found that teachers love it because if a student misses a presentation in class he or she can still view the presentation from home with no extra effort on the teacher’s part. In addition to Prezi, there are multiple tools that can help facilitate this process—such as Evernote for notetaking and Dropbox for sharing files.

    Even though we can’t all channel Steve Jobs’ legendary on-stage charisma that doesn’t mean we can’t all learn something important from his unique presentation skills. By putting to use these techniques and tips, you will not only present like Steve Jobs, but your students can, too.

    This is a highly developed skill that they will need as they progress from job to job and work their way up the career ladder, no matter what their chosen industry may be.

    Amanda Richardson is Prezi’s head of product. Whether she is helping users browse great presentations at prezi.com or making Prezi’s desktop and mobile apps elegant and easy to use, she focuses on finding ways to inspire others to share their ideas and stories—including millions of teachers and students.

    © 2013 Amanda Richardson. Please do not reproduce in any form, electronic or otherwise.


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  • My newest science thriller for young readers, WAKE UP MISSING, has had me thinking a lot about dreams and goals lately. In it, four middle school students with concussions are sent to an elite head injury clinic at a former military facility deep in the Florida Everglades. But not long into their treatment, they begin to suspect that the doctors there are doing more than treating their headaches.
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    Characters with Big Dreams Inspire Student Readers

    by Kate Messner
     | Sep 05, 2013
    My newest science thriller for young readers, WAKE UP MISSING, has had me thinking a lot about dreams and goals lately. In it, four middle school students with concussions are sent to an elite head injury clinic at a former military facility deep in the Florida Everglades. But not long into their treatment, they begin to suspect that the doctors there are doing more than treating their headaches. Little by little, the kids come to understand that they’ve been made unknowing subjects in an experiment that could threaten their very identities, and everything they’ve dreamed of becoming could be gone with a single twist of their DNA.

    High school honor classes…college…hockey…a career in art…a life working with horses… It all hangs in the balance as the kids realize their only hope of saving their futures is a daring escape through the wilds of the Florida swamp.

    Sometimes, when you’re a kid, that elusive future seems so far away that it can be hard to stay motivated when you’re working day in and day out in the present. Characters in books for middle school readers can provide great role models, whether they’re fighting for survival to save their futures like the kids in WAKE UP MISSING or working diligently toward a personal goal like some of the kids in the novels below:

    Four Characters Who Set Goals…and Stick to Them!

    THE RUNNING DREAM by Wendelin Van Draanen—Jessica was a star runner until the accident that stole her leg and her dreams. This story follows her journey through recovery, her struggles to adapt to a prosthetic leg, and her daring dream to run again. What makes Jessica an even more inspirational character is that she doesn’t dream only for herself. Her story will inspire young readers not only to reach for their goals but to make sure they play a role in helping others’ dreams come true as well.

    MAY B. by Caroline Rose Star—May is a character from the pages of history, but she’s also a student we all know—the kid who struggles with reading and has come to believe that she’s “just not a reader.” In this adventurous story told in free verse, May is sent to work for a family on the prairie, only to be trapped in a brutal winter storm. When she’s stranded inside their snowed-in sod house for weeks, she must confront her memories of failure and build her own future even as she struggles to survive the winter cold.

    IT’S RAINING CUPCAKES by Lisa Schroeder—12-year-old Isabel’s dream job is full of cupcakes and other baked goods. But for now, the aspiring middle school baker just wants to compete in a baking contest whose winner earns a trip to New York City to compete in the finals. Isabel is a great character whose story is sure to launch lots of discussions about setting goals and working toward them—even when some of the most important people in your life might not be supportive right away.

    NOTES FROM AN ACCIDENTAL BAND GEEK by Erin Dionne—Elsie Wyatt is nothing if not goal-driven, but she’s forced to step out of her comfort zone when the elite summer music camp she hopes to attend requires her to join another kind of ensemble to show musical diversity. Her only option? Trading in her beautiful, dignified French horn for a marching band mellophone and putting on one of those crazy-big hats with the plumes. Elsie is a great reminder for kids that reaching goals often means stepping out of our boxes to try new things….and that sometimes, goals change along the way when we grow.

    These characters—and others like them—who show determination and a great work ethic can be powerful role models for student readers when it comes to striving for their own goals in life.

    Want to use WAKE UP MISSING in your classroom? Find the teacher's guide here.

    KATE MESSNER is a former middle-school English teacher and the author of E. B. White Read Aloud Award-winner THE BRILLIANT FALL OF GIANNA Z., SUGAR AND ICE, EYE OF THE STORM, a 2013 NSTA-CBC Outstanding Science Trade Book, CAPTURE THE FLAG, the Marty McGuire chapter book series, and two picture books, SEAMONSTER’S FIRST DAY and OVER AND UNDER THE SNOW. She lives on Lake Champlain with her husband and two kids. When she’s not reading or writing, she loves hiking, kayaking, biking, and watching thunderstorms over the lake.

    © 2013 Kate Messner. Please do not reproduce in any form, electronic or otherwise.


    Character Connections: Finding Yourself in the Story )

    “Invent Your Future” on International Literacy Day
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  • Ever since I was a young girl, I knew that I wanted to be a teacher. That’s the role I’d take when I played “school” with my older sisters. I come from a family of teachers; my mother and two of my aunts were teachers. At the beginning of each school year, I would help my mother organize and decorate her classroom. In high school, I was required to complete an internship program in the career field I was interested in pursuing.
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    IRA Student Council: Preparing Me for my Future as a Teacher

    by Regan Sanchez
     | Sep 02, 2013
    Ever since I was a young girl, I knew that I wanted to be a teacher. That’s the role I’d take when I played “school” with my older sisters. I come from a family of teachers; my mother and two of my aunts were teachers. At the beginning of each school year, I would help my mother organize and decorate her classroom. In high school, I was required to complete an internship program in the career field I was interested in pursuing. I chose to work with a second grade teacher at a local elementary school, two hours each of week of my senior year. I helped her with grading and tutored students in various subjects. It was great to have hands-on practice in the classroom.

    It’s not surprising that I became an education major at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). In addition to my regular coursework, I have completed more than two hundred hours of observation, student teaching, and tutoring in local San Antonio schools.

    My first year in college, I joined UTSA's Student Council Chapter of the International Reading Association (IRA). I was a member of other student organizations, but I loved the student council the most.

    For one thing, there were only two formal meetings a semester, so my involvement didn’t cut into the time I needed to spend on my schoolwork. Each student council meeting features guest speakers, including experts in the education field, such as Dr. Miriam Martinez, an Arbuthnot Award-winning professor specializing in children’s books. I have learned interview etiquette from principals, gotten information about special education programs from teachers in inclusion classrooms, listened to a parent talk about her views of the school system.

    Through the student council, I’ve also gotten to take advantage of multiple volunteer opportunities, like helping out at our book fair, working with the San Antonio Writing Project, and organizing books for a local organization called SA Reads.

    I began my relationship with SA Reads as a tutor. I would go to a local school and tutor a student who struggled with reading. When I was in middle school, I volunteered in my mother’s classroom, and it really hit me when I realized some of these kids were not read to each night. SA Reads provides tutors for these students to read with once a week as well as books that the students can keep. When I delivered the books to my own tutees, my heart melted when one of the young girls looked up at me and said “It’s really mine?” My love for the student grew and grew as I became more involved with the organization.

    Attending meetings and volunteering with the student council encouraged me to consider a leadership position. I became an executive board member during the third year of my college career. My duties included assisting the officers, setting up for meetings, and cleaning up afterward. I jumped at every opportunity to help the student council. I made a tri-fold display for the New Student Involvement Fair, created the organization’s Facebook page, and helped encourage other UTSA students to join our student council at Involvement Fairs and in my classes.

    Then, after serving one semester as an executive board member, I was nominated and elected to be the president. I was honored and thrilled to be the representative of this organization that I care about so much. I immediately began to organize and plan for the semester. I instantly learned about the hard work that goes into running a student organization. Planning meetings, providing snacks, getting meeting dates out to members, and keeping records of current members were just some of the responsibilities I undertook. While it was hard work, I loved that the organization was growing and becoming well known on the UTSA campus, as well as in the education community. As president, I also had to ensure other officers had the necessary information and met with the faculty sponsors for guidance and support. The other officers, executive board members, members, and our advisors were very encouraging and always willing to lend a helping hand.

    Throughout my first term as president, I worked hard to maintain the organization’s appeal to other students. It was, after all, one of the reasons I joined—because I knew other students pursuing similar degrees would be interested in the same things as me. My main goal was to make sure that all students studying education knew about our organization and events. I also wanted to make sure that all students had access to the meeting times, locations, and information.

    To get the word out, I began creating extra large banners to post at both UTSA campuses. Six-feet tall banners got plenty of attention and it showed as our membership numbers increased. When I looked out at the growing group of students at each of our meetings, my smile kept growing as well. It was astonishing to see our hard work pay off right before my eyes.

    I also had another goal, which is to make sure that all officers can easily access our documents, social network pages, and resources that previous officer used. In order to do this, I uploaded all of our documents to Google Drive, which is connected to our organization's Gmail account. I also created folders for the officers, to help them stay organized.

    Participating in this student council has really helped me grow as an educator and as a person. I have transformed from that little girl who played “school” into the teacher I was always destined to be.

    Regan Sanchez is a fourth year student at The University of Texas at San Antonio. She is studying to become a certified English as a Second Language educator for early childhood through sixth grade students. She is also the President of The International Reading Association Student Council at UTSA. She recently hosted a round table focused on discussing IRA student councils at IRA’s 58th Annual Convention last April.

    © 2013 Regan Sanchez. Please do not reproduce in any form, electronic or otherwise.


    IRA Councils & Affiliates

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  • I believe that students today are over-assessed and under-taught. So would it be hypocritical of me to spend a blog post lauding the value of assessments? There’s an important difference between the multiple-choice, high-stakes, quantitative assessments and the kind that we need more of.
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    More of What’s Meaningful: Formative Assessments

    by Jennifer Serravallo
     | Aug 29, 2013
    I believe that students today are over-assessed and under-taught. So would it be hypocritical of me to spend a blog post lauding the value of assessments?

    p: Fort Worth Squatch via photopin cc
    There’s an important difference between the multiple-choice, high-stakes, quantitative assessments and the kind that we need more of. Formative assessments, those that help teachers to uncover what students know and can do, and help teachers plan meaningful, individualized instruction. In order for formative assessments to enhance, not detract, from classroom instruction, it’s important they meet a few criteria:

    Formative assessments should match what you want students to do. If you want students to read whole, independent level texts, then the assessment should look at how they do that. Short passage excerpts and constructed reading samples don’t match the everyday happenings in a classroom, so why use them for an assessment? When you want to find out how kids make meaning in a whole book, have them read a whole book with questions pre-planted on post-it notes inside the book, as in the Independent Reading Assessment. Ask students to respond in writing to your questions and use what they write to identify next steps.

    Formative assessments should be evaluated, so that teachers can plan instruction. We need to end the assess-score-file away cycle that is a dead-end, and replace it with assess-evaluate-teach. Assessments that give us just a letter or number offer very little help to the classroom teacher. We need assessments that help uncover nuance of what real readers do every day. These assessments should be analyzed for teaching opportunities, and used to help identify a goal. This goal can then be the focus of the individualized, personalized instruction that occurs during conferring and small group lessons, and class trends can help inform whole group instruction.

    Formative assessments should take a minimal amount of instructional time. In some schools I visit, teachers set aside teaching for weeks or a month at a time, several times a year, to administer assessments. This isn’t helping kids! When we see summer slippage of significant levels over just two months, consider what the cumulative effect is when teachers halt their teaching for multiple months every year. Formative assessments should be quick to administer, or should be something students can complete independently and evaluated later by the teacher.

    Formative assessments should help teachers find a common language across the school. There is real power in teachers coming together during common planning, PLCs, or staff meetings to develop rubrics or work off existing rubrics. This sort of collaboration helps solidify the expectations from classroom to classroom, which lends consistency to each student’s experience.

    There’s no reason for “assessment” to be a dirty word. If assessments match what students do, are used by teachers to plan, use minimal precious classroom time, and help a school develop consistency of expectations, then they are an invaluable part of any well-run classroom.

    Jennifer Serravallo is a speaker, researcher, and literacy consultant. For years she was a classroom teacher in New York City until she became a senior staff developer at the Teachers College Reading and Writing Project at Columbia University. She is the author of numerous resources for teachers on the teaching of reading, including Scholastic's AEP award winning INDEPENDENT READING ASSESSMENT for fiction and nonfiction, TEACHING READING IN SMALL GROUPS, and THE LITERACY TEACHER’S PLAYBOOK. She is also co-author of CONFERRING WITH READERS. Visit her online at www.jenniferserravallo.com.

    © 2013 Jennifer Serravallo. Please do not reproduce in any form, electronic or otherwise.


    IRA Position Statement: Formative Assessment

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