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    Program Accreditation Process: From Obligation to PLC Opportunity

     | Jul 02, 2012

    by Allison Dagen and Aimee Moorewood

    In February 2012, a message quickly circulated among our faculty in the reading program at West Virginia University. Congratulations, we did it! Without reading any further into the body of the email–all five of us understood the message. The program report we submitted a semester earlier to the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) had been approved. Nationally recognized. No conditions.

    Allison Dagen

    Allison Dagen

    Aimee Morewood

    Aimee Morewood

    Currently, over 150 graduate reading programs across the county have successfully attained accreditation through partnership between the Specialized Professional Association (SPA), the International Reading Association (IRA), and the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE). To achieve national accreditation, a program must submit a program recognition report before their institution's NCATE site visit. In this report, data of a program’s six to eight key assessments are presented as well as a clearly defined explanation of how these assessments align with the IRA standards. See International Reading Association’s website for a detailed description of the IRA/NCATE accreditation process.

    Our goal in this short article is to share our experience of how we (unknowingly) transformed our accreditation process work and surprisingly developed something greater than a successful program report–that is, a Professional Learning Community (PLC). It is our hope that others who are working through this process or are about to can learn from our collective seven year journey. 

    Background

    At West Virginia University, we offer a 36-credit Masters of Reading program. WVU is one of five institutions in the state that offer Reading Specialist certification. During any given semester we have 100-150 active graduate students. Our program reaches students across the state through regional cohort groups and online course offerings. Our program faculty consists of five full time professors and half dozen adjunct instructors.

    Our work on this accreditation period began shortly after the International Reading Association’s Standards for Reading Professionals, Revised (2003) was released, one year after our last successful program recognition decision. Although we were seven years away from our next report submission, we knew that our program and our candidates would benefit greatly if we immediately integrated the new Standards, particularly the literacy coaching elements into our program. Over the next several years, we began developing a literacy coaching philosophy/strand, developing our program’s key assessments and scoring rubrics, and collecting /analyzing candidate data. During this time, we also began to schedule regular program meetings, usually at least once a month (coinciding with our regular faculty meetings) and sometimes met more regularly, especially as some of our self-imposed deadlines approached. We all attended these meetings, contributed equally and took the program development work seriously. Further, at least one faculty member regularly attended IRA/NCATE training sessions at the annual conference and would return to share the most recent updates from IRA.

    It was not until near the end of the process, only a few months before submitting our final program recognition report that we came to understand how certain dimensions of this process mirror traits of a PLC. As we (the authors) worked through some final report edits, we were discussing how PLCs were being implemented in the schools within which we worked. In these local schools, teachers discussed how they used their PLC time to plan and meet together to, explore current research, analyze student work, discuss best practice and pedagogy and make changes in curriculum and instruction to best meet their students’ needs. Much of what the teachers were discussing regarding their PLC efforts were the activities we were engaged in for the past seven years.

    Professional Learning Communities

    Professional learning communities (PLCs) are not new phenomena in education. DeFour, DeFour and Eaker (2008) discuss three key characteristics defining a PLCs: (1) ensuring that students learn (2) developing a culture of collaboration and (3) focusing on results. Dana and Yendol-Hoppey (2008) present key elements of healthy inquiry-oriented PLCs. Below we highlight a number of these elements and share how we applied these principles in our accreditation work.

    • Establish a vision that creates momentum for the work. This was simple – our vision was to successfully prepare our program candidates to serve as Reading Specialists and Literacy Coaches.  The 2003 IRA Standards document guided this vision; we knew we had to develop and emphasize leadership capacity as part of our candidates’ experience. We used many high quality resources (e.g. Bean, 2010; Walpole & McKenna, 2004, International Reading Association website) to guide our work while reshaping program design and content. Additionally, since we began this work so soon after our last accreditation recognition, we had ample time to reflect on major changes which allowed us to maintain momentum and enthusiasm.
    • Understand and embrace collaboration. Over the seven years the demographics of our Reading faculty changed (several faculty left, others were hired), but regardless of who was in the group, Reading faculty participation was always at 100%.  Although scheduling and maintaining this large block of time (usually 2-4 hours) was a challenge for five overcommitted faculty members, we were successful and began to look forward to the meetings. We all contributed in this group effort to reshape our candidates’ experience. We were co-learners, co-decision makers, and co-coaches in this process. For example, we spent multiple meetings analyzing the Coaching Activities: Levels of Intensity figure included in the IRA position statement on coaching. We were able to collaborate to determine in which of our twelve courses we would introduce this figure and in which courses we would evaluate candidates’ fieldwork experience using the figure as a framework. This process was informative and meaningful; we were able to analyze the Standards, discuss course content, and make connections between the two as a collaborative group.
    • Build trust among group members and establish critical friendships. We approached this work seriously and wanted to understand how and where to improve our program. To accomplish this goal, we needed to deepen our personal and professional relationships. While the relationship and trust building was certainly centered on our program work, it also came in the form of learning more about each other personally as well as professionally. For example, during our meetings, one of our colleagues liked to demonstrate evidence of how our candidates were using technology in the clinic (e.g. WAV files for fluency, Flip videos for coaching feedback). This would usually lead the rest of us to share our own research, new project ideas, and teaching stories (i.e. building trust). Further, we also spent time socializing and engaging in personal conversations (e.g. one colleague makes the best homemade salad dressing.) All of these interactions fostered trust, which allowed us to become critical friends. As our critical friendships developed, we began to use this time to seek out opinions and provide and accept feedback to and from each other.
    • Hold the group accountable and document learning. During these meetings, we gave ourselves time to discuss current research on literacy coaching, reflect, collaborate and engage in rich, uninterrupted conversations with each other. We also came to these sessions with our task completed – in other words much work was accomplished by individuals between these meetings.  For example, at one meeting, we were all required to bring multiple copies of our most recent assessment rubrics and we spent the time reviewing drafts and conferencing with each other about the content. This meeting was quite productive and would not have been so if the group members had not come prepared. In addition to walking away from the meetings with individual to-do lists and due dates,  one faculty member would summarize all key points of the meeting,  the individual work products due, and the next meeting dates/time for this work, and then distribute this information via email soon after the work session. Looking back at these artifacts reminds us of how much work we did accomplish during this process.
    • Encourage, recognize and appreciate diversity within the group, understand change and acknowledge the discomfort it may bring to some PLC members. The hours we spent meeting in our reading clinic collaborating about  accreditation was professional development for us  but we are not sure we thought of it that way at the time, especially early on. In hindsight, we transitioned from “to meet this one objective” to the  growth of a professional collaborative culture. We learned a lot about each other’s background experiences, differing views on pedagogy and general work styles. Sometimes this collaboration was challenging, and differences did emerge For example, we designated one of our key assessments as an action research project and some in the group felt the assignment did not contain all elements of teacher research; therefore it should be renamed or revised. Coming to a collective agreement about what this key assessment should look like, its title, and how it needed to be implemented within our program was important because changing this assignment to reflect substantive teacher research impacted the program. There was much discussion about these changes, some of which caused member discomfort; however, these conversations were very productive. Questioning each other’s assumptions and prompting thinking and discussion was a healthy component of our work.
    • Comprehensive view of data. Once our assessments and rubrics were in place, we immediately started collecting data. We put protocols in place to inform and prepare adjuncts for a number of these key assessments; we had three to four years of data, collected while we continued to fine tune and tweak these assessments. The rubrics that we created would allow us to collect ample data on each of the IRA standard elements. At the beginning, we collected these data in “old school” fashion with paper/pencil checklists and huge boxes of raw data/candidate work. Over the course of the process, we went from coding in basic excel spreadsheets to implementing LiveText when our college purchased a license (a life saver!). We were able to use the data collected and look at candidate performance across multiple years and across sections taught (e.g. online vs. face to face) and even over time as the assessments and rubrics were refined.  For example, over time, we were able to see positive trends across the candidates in our state’s licensure exam, particularly in the Reading Leadership section of the assessment.
    • Work with building administrators. We were well supported by our department chair, dean and college’s NCATE coordinator who saw the value in the way in which we approached this task. Efforts were made for course reassignments, supplemental funds/summer pay and funds to attend conference sessions offered by IRA and NCATE. We’ve felt completely supported by the International Reading Association. For example, at the beginning of our work, we used the key assessment and rubric examples posted on the IRA website to guide the development of our first few key assessments.  From the resources (web-based, conference trainings) to IRA personnel (thank you Gail Keating) to the dozen or so of our colleagues who have taken on the enormous service task of becoming the experts in the field of IRA accreditation (thank you Diane Kern, Debra Miller, Michael Shaw, and Bill Smith!), we always felt supported.  In fact, at times we felt others, within our college must have had SPA – envy.

    The outcomes of our accreditation work were (1) We have strengthened our high quality program for preparing our reading specialist candidates and (2) we also created a Professional Learning Community (PLC) among our faculty. While what we described here was the positive highlights of our group growing as a PLC in higher education, we recognize that we did stumble and hit some obstacles both individually and collectively during this process. However even with obstacles, the PLC provided support for our professional learning at the higher education level.

    Resources

    Bean, R.M. (2010). The Reading Specialist: Leadership in the classroom, school, and community. (2nd edition). New York: Guilford Publication.

    Dana, N. & Yendol-Hoppey, D. (2008).  The reflective educator’s guide to professional development.  Coaching inquiry-oriented learning communities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

    DuFour, R., DuFour, R. & Eaker, R. (2008). Revisiting professional learning communities at work: New insights for improving schools. Bloomington, IL: Solution Tree.

    International Reading Association. (2010). Standards for reading professionals – Revised 2010. Newark, DE: Author

    International Reading Association. (2004). The role and qualifications of the Reading Coach in the United States. Newark, DE: Author

    International Reading Association. (2003). Standards for reading professionals – Revised 2003. Newark, DE: Author

    Walpole, S., & McKenna, M.  (2004). The Literacy Coach’s handbook.  New York: Guilford Publications. 

    Allison Swan Dagen is an associate professor at West Virginia University, Allison.swan@mail.wvu.edu.

    Aimee Morewood is an assistant professor at West Virginia University, aimee.morewood@mail.wvu.edu. 



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    Remembering IRA Past President Dale Johnson

     | Jun 28, 2012

    Dr. Dale D. Johnson was President of the International Reading Association (IRA) Board of Directors in the 1989-90 year as part of a lifelong career in literacy education. His research can be found in university libraries and classrooms around the world. He authored and coauthored 18 books; 60 instructional texts for elementary, middle school, high school, and adult learners; an instructional game; and instructional software.

    Dale JohnsonDr. Johnson was born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, to Elizabeth and Arthur Johnson. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison where he served as a professor for 20 years. He also taught in Nigeria, Canada, and various states in the United States. Prior to his university work, he was a middle school teacher and paratrooper in the U.S. Army.

    On June 19, at the age of 76, he made his transition at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, after a brief illness. He was a professor at Dowling College on Long Island, New York. Dale resided on New York City's Upper West Side during the academic year and spent his summers at his summer home in De Pere, Wisconsin.

    Dale is survived by his wife, Dr. Bonnie Johnson, as well as his children (Lisa, Julie Howard, and Kirk), his brother Raymond (Jean) Johnson, his mother- and father-in-law Mary Anna and Stanley Von Hoff, five grandchildren (Alexa, Chase, Dylan, Astrid, and Seth) as well as numerous nieces, nephews, and cousins.

    Friends were invited to call at the Ryan Funeral Home in De Pere, Wisconsin, on Sunday, June 24, from 5:00 to 7:00 p.m. A private memorial service will be held at a later date. The family requests, if you wish, to honor Dale by donating a children's book to your local school or library. 

     

     


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    A Tribute to Hal Herber

     | Jun 21, 2012

    Harold L. Herber, or Hal, as most of the reading world knew him, passed away on June 6, 2012. A principled man, first-class teacher, mentor to many, and scholar extraordinaire, Hal was (and remains) a guiding force in the lives of his former graduate students.

    Hal HerberSoon after he completed his doctorate at Boston University, he moved to Syracuse University in 1963 where he initiated a program of research that focused on developing ways to teach high school students how to comprehend complex texts. With the publication of his book, Teaching Reading in Content Areas in 1970, the reading field—college instructors, secondary school teachers, and reading specialists—had for the first time a principled guide to teaching reading processes and subject matter content simultaneously in all disciplines. 

    Herber was a member of the International Reading Association (IRA) for over 45 years and served on the IRA Board of Directors. In 1984, he was the second recipient of the IRA Outstanding Teacher Educator in Reading Award (now called the IRA Jerry Johns Outstanding Teacher Educator in Reading Award). He was inducted into the Reading Hall of Fame in 1987, and he received the IRA William S. Gray Citation of Merit in 1989. 

    From 1968 to 1973, Hal and a Syracuse University colleague, Margaret J. Early, co-edited the Journal of Reading, which was renamed the Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy. In addition to a lifetime of scholarly writing that included a second edition of Teaching Reading in Content Areas (1978), Hal collaborated with his beloved wife and colleague, Joan Nelson Herber, in directing the federally funded Network of Secondary School Demonstration Centers for Teaching Reading in Content Areas. Tank & TiffanyLater on, to celebrate their retirement years with their two Golden Retrievers, Hal and Joan collaborated on a book published under the title, Tank and Tiffany…A Love Story. In it, the compassion, humor, and insightfulness that marked Hal’s life as a teacher, researcher, and mentor played out in recognizable and predictable ways. 

    Teacher of Adolescents 

    Rosary Lalik recollects, “Hal was one of the most gifted teachers I had ever seen work with middle and high school students. His abiding faith in the capacity of all kids showed in how he listened to what they had to say, not because listening was a strategy for teaching them, but because he was profoundly interested in each kid and the sparks of brilliance he knew would be ignited if someone only opened a mindful space for their thoughts. All of us—teachers, administrators, colleagues—had enormous potential in Hal's eyes, and his trust and guidance inspired us to strive to realize that potential. I don't want you to think that I didn't notice Hal's wit and humor. We laughed often and fully as we journeyed together. Though Hal was generous with his time and energy with everyone who came within his care, it was Dr. Joan Nelson Herber, his closest colleague, friend, and confidant who remained at his side and gave him inspiration, joy, and abiding love.” 

    Teacher of Teachers 

    Kathy Hinchman, professor in the Reading and Language Arts Center at  Syracuse University,  shares, “Hal, or Professor Herber as we undergraduates addressed him, was my most important methods teacher. Each of his classes involved us in walking through use of recommended strategies with many practical examples. He read our papers, lesson plans, and journal entries with 100% engagement, always honing in on our greatest questions, worries, and ideas not carefully conceived. He positioned us on the cutting edge with regard to engaging students, teaching reading comprehension, developing independence, and organizing instruction—concepts that remain central today. He was an outstanding teacher of all teachers—what a privilege it is to have had him in my teaching life.” 

    Teacher of Teacher Educators

    Judie Thelen, professor emeritus at Frostburg State University (University System of Maryland) and Past-President of IRA (1991-1992), reminisces, "My first recollection of Hal Herber was of the day he arrived on campus in 1963. My friend, the late Ruby Martin, and I watched from the Reading and Language Arts Center as all 6’ plus slowly emerged from his Volkswagen with MA plates. Ruby was a doctoral student, and I was finishing my master’s program. We both signed up for one of his first courses and found it most refreshing. I returned to Syracuse each summer to take courses toward my next degree. In 1967 I received a phone call from Dr. Herber inviting me to participate in a three-year, classroom-centered research project sponsored by the US Office of Education to study reading improvement in the content areas in secondary schools. Hal saw something in me that others had not looked quite far enough to find. On June 6, 1970, he presented me with my degree and the keys to my future career as a teacher educator. I will never forget him. His legacy lives on through me and through many, many others who were inspired by his teaching, research, and writing." 

    Researcher

    Donna Alvermann, distinguished research professor in the Language and Literacy Education department at the University of Georgia, remembers, “Hal taught me an invaluable lesson about conducting research, and he did so within weeks of my first semester as a doctoral student at Syracuse University. Bill Sheldon, then head of Reading and Language Arts, assigned me as Hal’s graduate assistant. In our first meeting about the assistantship, Hal pointed to ten or so dissertations on his shelf that an earlier cadre of doctoral students had completed as part of his research program on secondary reading instruction. Hal said that he’d like me to read each one carefully, take notes, and then discuss the notes with him. He wisely insisted that to know one’s lineage and the work of those who have researched on a particular topic in the past is the first step a new doctoral student needs to take. Like so much of what Hal modeled as a scholar, this lesson lives on as a cogent reminder.” 

    Mentor 

    Mark Conley, professor of teacher education at the University of Memphis, recalls, “I remember Hal saying how he picked grad students not just by how bright they are, but also because of something special or quirky about each of them. He paid attention and listened, as if he were a student learning about who we are. There are also the enduring lessons, about learning from practice and practitioners, honoring history and those who came before, and the stress to try to make a real difference. Through him, I also got to know other SU doctoral students, which is easy to take for granted when they are just part of your life. I know we all developed shared values through our work with Hal and each other and, now that I have been at four universities, I have come to really appreciate those values. What we have is extraordinarily rare in academia and Hal, in his subtle way (which ironically belied his vivid personality) laid the foundation. I am going to miss him, but I am awfully grateful that I had him in my life.” 

    Rich Vacca, professor emeritus from Kent State University and Past-President of IRA, adds, “Hal Herber was more of a father-figure to me than a mentor, colleague, and role model. I was 23 years old when I began my doctoral studies at Syracuse University.  I knew very little about the field of reading and felt totally unprepared for the journey I was about to take. Yet Hal took me under his wing and showed me how to fly. He taught me through example that self-confidence, hard work, and a belief in oneself were the keys to a successful life and career. Whenever I think of Hal, I’m reminded of Dan Fogelberg’s lyrics to the song, The Leader of the Band:  ‘My life has been a poor attempt to imitate the man. I’m just a living legacy to the leader of the band.’ Thank you, Hal.” 

     

     


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    Board Nominations Due July 15

     | Jun 12, 2012

    International Reading Association (IRA) members are invited to recommend a colleague or nominate themselves for consideration to serve on the IRA Board of Directors.

    No other volunteer position carries greater responsibility than the Board of Directors. IRA members may suggest vice president and director candidates for election. The Nominating Committee will consider only individual members of the Association who have been recommended by a member and who have submitted vita information prior to the committee's meeting.

    Members are asked to submit a nomination form by the July 15, 2012, deadline.

     

     


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    IRA Teacher Advisory Panel Gives Feedback to US Department of Education

     | May 01, 2012

    It’s been a busy couple of days for members of the International Reading Association’s Teacher Advisory Panel. After spending all of Saturday engaged upon strategic planning during the pre-convention day of Institutes, the panel met yesterday, during the opening day of the Chicago Convention, with Robert Baroz, a Classroom Teaching Ambassador Fellow from the Office of Communications and Outreach at the US Department of Education. 

    TAP

    Robert Baroz, US Ed Department Teaching Ambassador Fellow, sitting at the head of the table, participating in a focus group exchange with IRA’s Teacher Advisory Panel.

     

    This meeting was arranged to provide the TAP members with an important opportunity to participate in the Department’s current outreach effort entitled The RESPECT Project, Envisioning a Teaching Profession for the 21st Century. The Department is conducting similar sessions with teachers from around the country.

    According to Baroz, the goal is to have substantive discussions with about 5,000 teachers by the fall. To date, the Department’s Ambassador Fellows have met with about 1,500 classroom educators. “We want to get to the point where teachers are shaping policy,” he explained, “rather than policy shaping teachers.”

    Baroz himself is no stranger to the issues facing teachers. A teacher in the Boston public schools, he recently found himself in the news when President Obama, who claimed to have met him personally, cited Baroz’s experience in being pink slipped due to budget cuts as a good example of the negative impact of declining funding for education. In fact, Baroz did secure alternative employment.

    The RESPECT Discussion Draft

    Baroz’s give and take with the members of the IRA panel was centered in a 17 page discussion draft which the panelists were asked to review. The draft explains that RESPECT is an acronym for Recognizing Educational Success, Professional Excellence, and Collaborative Teaching. Something more than a wish list but less than a blueprint, the discussion document envisions new ways of doing things which are expressed in a series of accumulating subjunctives.

    The most accomplished teachers might be asked to serve a larger number of students per class, the document posits. High quality data measuring student learning would be made available and accessible to students on an ongoing basis, and teachers would work professional weeks and days that extend beyond the traditional school day to include the extra hours to get the job done. Students would no longer be held in lock step, age based cohorts (grades), but would instead progress through the system based on what they know and can do.

    Of course, an attempt to implement these desiderata is likely to entail a host of serious collateral issues. It is to this end that the Department is seeking to engage a broad range of stakeholders in a national discussion. Nevertheless, the short term push is on, and given the current political context, it is not clear just how compressed the period of stakeholder engagement and deliberation is likely to be.

    As explained in a letter from Secretary Arne Duncan which was also given to the panel members: “In his fiscal year 2013 budge, President Obama is seeking $5 billion to support the transformation of the teaching profession. None of us underestimates the challenges ahead, but we also understand the implications of doing nothing. Our students need us now more than ever, and the opportunity for real and meaningful progress has never been greater.”

    The Panel’s Input

    Baroz sought frank comment from the TAP members, and that is exactly what he got. Some of the panelists felt that the $5 billion plan was just “pie in the sky.” Others questioned the authorship of the initiative, suspecting that political concerns and business interests may have trumped an informed educational perspective.

    The plan’s linkage of teacher pay to experience and performance was thought to be a “two edged sword.” Some of the panelists expressed disappointment that issues such as the power of publishers are not even addressed. Others thought that teacher education needs to be designed more like the national board certification projects.

    Interestingly enough, the panelists candidly acknowledged that they were themselves split on many questions. In particular, some felt that teachers need to make business interests react to education, while others saw business as the prime consumer of the education system’s “product.” One item in the RESPECT document that did get general support was the notion that teachers shouldn’t have to leave the classroom and move into administrative roles to get higher compensation.

    With respect to standards and mandates, one of the panelists made the room erupt in laughter by explaining that “fidelity” was her new “f-word.” All in all, the input was robust, and the IRA Teacher Advisory Panel gave Boraz many ideas and suggestions to communicate back to the powers that be in the federal education establishment.

     

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