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  • A young teacher reads aloud a picture book to children
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    Five Picture Books That Foster Belonging in Math Class

    Evan Throop-Robinson
     | Jun 23, 2026
    A young teacher reads aloud a picturebook to children

    When children believe their ideas matter and their voices are heard, they experience belonging. Nurturing belonging in mathematics means valuing children's ideas, and simple routines—like inviting students to share their thinking, comparing multiple strategies, and listening before correcting—can strengthen mathematical belonging. As children explain how they solved a problem and hear others’ approaches, mathematics becomes a shared human endeavor.

    Belonging in mathematics often begins with stories. Whether in the home, community or school, or on laps, couches, or library carpets, educators can make mathematics a place of belonging through picture books. Let’s make belonging count using these five stories.

    A cookie, a loop, and rediction

    Consider the enduring favorite If You Give a Mouse a Cookie by Laura Numeroff. Its charm lies in its circular structure: If you give a mouse a cookie, he’ll ask for milk. Milk leads to a straw. A straw leads to a mirror. Each event leads logically and sometimes hilariously to the next, until the narrative loops back to the cookie.

    This playful chain of cause and effect is also mathematical. Children can notice:
    • Sequence and order
    • Predictable patterns
    • If-then reasoning
    • Cycles and loops
    Pause during reading and ask:
    • What do you notice about what keeps happening?
    • What do you think will happen next?
    • How do you know?
    These questions invite children into patterning and logical reasoning. They position children as thinkers. Belonging begins with welcomed ideas. After reading, invite children to map the circular story, count the steps in the loop, or invent a new chain (“If you give a cat a cupcake…”). If children count differently, resist asking, “Who's right?” Instead ask, “How did you count?” The shift from correctness to curiosity builds confidence and community.

    Counting together

    Belonging grows when children share in mathematics. In Imagine Counting All the Stars by Raewyn Caisley, Maddie delights in seeing mathematics everywhere, from shells on the shore to stars in the sky. Yet she longs for someone to share that joy. When she finally finds a friend who shares her curiosity, counting becomes connection.

    This story opens mathematical conversations:
    • If we wanted to count all the stars, how might we organize them?
    • Is there more than one way to count something very large?
    • Where do you see math in your own world?
    Children might suggest grouping by tens, making arrays, or estimating. When adults respond with “Show me your thinking,” rather than offering a faster method, they affirm that multiple strategies belong.

    The story's deeper message echoes the mathematics: Counting is more joyful when done together. Mathematical belonging is relational.

    Growing confidence

    Belonging means being seen and affirmed. In Julián Is a Mermaid by Jessica Love, Julián revels in imagination and joins a vibrant parade celebrating self-expression. This visually rich story invites mathematical noticing:
    • How many costumes or mermaid tails can you count?
    • What shapes do you see in the parade?
    • How does the size of the crowd change from beginning to end?
    • What changes over time in Julián’s confidence?
    Children might compare colors, count parade participants, or notice repeating patterns in costumes. Adults can highlight that noticing differences and similarities helps us appreciate others. Value children's ideas with prompts:
    • Show me how you counted.
    • Where did you start?
    • Could we try another way together?
    Mistakes are part of learning and thinking evolves through dialogue. Children who feel safe to revise their ideas are more willing to take risks. Belonging is not about being right the first time. It is about valuing the process.

    Building community

    In Strictly No Elephants by Lisa Mantchev, a pet club excludes a child and his elephant. Rather than retreat, they create a new club where all beings belong. Read this story mathematically by asking:
    • How many different pets are included in the new club?
    • How does the size of the club change?
    • What comparisons can we make between the first club and the new one?
    • How many friends are needed to begin something new?
    Children may count animals, compare group sizes, or track growth over time. The mathematics supports a clear message: Inclusion changes the numbers and the feeling of a group.

    Protecting connections

    Belonging extends beyond human communities to the natural world. In We Are Water Protectors by Carole Lindstrom, a community unites to protect water as a shared resource. This lyrical text invites mathematical exploration:
    • How many people gather to protect the water?
    • What patterns do you see in the waves?
    • How far might water travel?
    • How does the size of the group compare at the beginning and the end?
    Children might notice repetition in illustrations, estimate distances, or compare scenes across time. Mathematics becomes a lens for understanding growth, scale, and collective action. Belonging is local and expansive.

    Making it count: Five ways to foster belonging

    Prompt with curiosity and care by having the following conversations with children:
    • Ask open questions. Replace “What’s the answer?” with “What do you notice?”
    • Celebrate multiple strategies. Explore different ways of counting.
    • Normalize revision. Frame mistakes as opportunities.
    • Connect to daily life. Bake, measure, compare, and estimate together.
    • Reflect. Ask, “What math did we discover in this story?”
    Weaving mathematics through shared reading is social and cultural. Children can see mathematics in cookies and constellations, in parades and pet clubs, in waves and water. When reading with children, whether it's about a mouse, the stars, a parade, or a debate about equality, pause. Ask what comes next. Count together. Listen closely to children’s reasoning.

    These moments strengthen numeracy by saying: Your thinking matters. You belong. That is what truly makes it count.

     

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    New Podcast: Embracing Expansive Literacies

    JAAL Editors
     | Jun 12, 2026
    Teachers talk to each other in a staff only area in school

    In partnership with ILA, the Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy (JAAL) has launched a new 2026-2029 podcast called "Embracing Expansive Literacies" featuring conversations that center on literacy education and transformative literacy practice through the voices of educators and scholars. Episodes are hosted by JAAL co-editors Eric Claravall, Eric Junco, Jill Castek, Jung Kim, and Michael Manderino along with managing editor Tyler H.J. Frank.

    Season one offers insights from JAAL authors on their recently published articles. Whether you want to extend your engagement with JAAL articles by hearing from authors or assign podcasts to your students as a new way to engage with JAAL content, the "Embracing Expansive Literacies" podcast now offers new avenues for accessing the scholarship you can rely on from JAAL.

    Check out the episodes below by following the links or searching your favorite podcast platform for "Embracing Expansive Literacies."

    Season 1, Episode 1: Meet the JAAL Editorial Team

    In the first episode, JAAL managing editor Tyler H.J. Frank speaks with the JAAL editorial team Eric Claravall, Eric Junco, Jill Castek, Jung Kim, and Michael Manderino about their vision for JAAL. The team also offers suggestions to writers interested in submitting to JAAL.

    Season 1, Episode 2: Outdoor Literacy Lessons for High School Students Who Say They Can't Write

    Managing editor Tyler H.J. Frank and co-editor Eric Junco talk with Kristie Camp about her recent article in JAAL exploring how reconfiguring the learning environment—like holding ELA classes outside—contributes to literacy learning for students tracked into classes that foreground required writing processes. She delves into the benefits of offering self-expressive writing opportunities outside and how that can inspire students who have not written much in ELA class to create something original and thereby better inform their teachers about their literacy skills.

    Season 1, Episode 3: Teens Discuss Books, Digital Games, Social Media, and Fanfiction

    Managing editor Tyler H.J. Frank and co-editor Michael Manderino talk with Amy Schoonens and Michael Dezuanni about their recent article in JAAL, which explores teens' recreational reading activities as they move between books and digital media. They use the model of connected reading to reveal connections between teen reading practices and digital pastimes. 

    Season 1, Episode 4: Agency, Identity, and Ethics as Teens Navigate Generative AI

    Managing editor Tyler H.J. Frank and co-editor Eric Junco chat with Shuling Yang and Julia Hu about their recent JAAL article. Hu shares firsthand accounts of using generative AI tools across diverse literacy activities in and outside school, including how she leveraged ChatGPT for out-of-school projects and her experience with using it when required in school. 

    Season 1, Episode 5: Inclusivity in Literacy Education for African Immigrant Adolescents

    Managing editor Tyler H.J. Frank and co-editor Michael Manderino chat with Olumide Ajayi about his recent JAAL article and research in an Afrocentric literacy workshop for African immigrant adolescents, exploring how Afrocentric lenses can expand our understanding of literacies and offer new insights into inclusivity. 


    To stay up to date on the JAAL podcast, search for "Embracing Expansive Literacies" on your favorite podcasting platform or follow the links:

    For more information about the current editorial vision for JAAL and the podcast, review the editorial team's latest statement. All JAAL podcast episodes are recorded in the Digital Innovation and Learning Lab at the University of Arizona.

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    The Future Literacy Helped Me Imagine

    Cheron H. Davis
     | Jun 09, 2026
    Newly elected ILA Board member-at-large Cheron H. Davis, an associate professor at Florida A&M University, shares a personal reflection on the experiences and professional communities that shaped her path in literacy.


    Cheron H. Davis as a childBefore I ever walked into a kindergarten classroom, I was already reading. My mother read to me often, and somewhere along the way, the words on the page began to unlock themselves. Books became my favorite companions. They carried me to places I had never seen and introduced me to people I would never have met. Reading felt like magic.

    When I entered kindergarten at Little Woods Elementary School in New Orleans, my teachers quickly realized that coloring worksheets and learning letters would not keep me occupied for long. Before I knew it, I was spending part of my day in a first-grade classroom for language arts instruction. Five-year-old me thought I had arrived. Then something happened that I have never forgotten—the other first graders knew something I didn’t.

    Every day, they recited sounds. They sang phonics songs. They manipulated language in ways that seemed completely foreign to me. I could read the books and I could answer the questions, yet there was a gap. I remember sitting there, wondering how they knew things about words I didn't. At five years old, I could not explain it. Today, I can.

    Those students were receiving systematic phonics instruction I had not, and that experience stayed with me. It followed me through my undergraduate studies into my own elementary classroom, and eventually into my work as a literacy researcher and teacher educator. It also shaped how I think about one of the most important conversations happening in literacy education today. Back then, however, nobody was calling it the Science of Reading. Yet much of what we now identify as evidence-based literacy instruction was already part of my educator preparation at Auburn University and later part of my teaching practice. I taught phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. We just called it teaching.

    Knowing how to read and wanting to read are not the same thing

    The little girl in that picture up there did not fall in love with books because of a phonics lesson. She fell in love with books because they gave her access—to ideas, to knowledge, to possibilities, and to the world.

    Like so many children of my generation, I watched PBS’ Reading Rainbow. Every episode introduced me to new books, places, perspectives, and ways of thinking. Long before I understood terms like background knowledge or schema, Reading Rainbow helped me build both. It expanded my world one story at a time. Looking back, I realize that literacy was teaching me something much bigger than how to read words. It was teaching me how to understand the world.

    That lesson would stay with me through my years as a classroom teacher, as I pursued graduate school, and as I joined literacy organizations—first at the local level, then at the state level, and eventually at the international level. Like many literacy professionals, my journey with professional organizations began with showing up. I attended conferences, listened, learned, volunteered, and asked questions. I found my people.

    FlordiaIn Alabama, I became involved locally with the Plains Reading Council and later the Alabama Literacy Association. After moving to Florida and building a life and career here, I found another professional home in the Florida Literacy Association. Through both organizations, I met educators and scholars who challenged my thinking and deepened my commitment to literacy as a force for change.

    Then, in 2013, I presented for the first time at the then-International Reading Association Annual Convention in San Antonio, Texas. For a literacy nerd like me, it was a dream come true. LeVar Burton was there, Mr. Reading Rainbow himself was in attendance, and so was Mo Willems. I remember thinking about how many of the people in that room had shaped my understanding of literacy, books, teaching, and learning. These were people whose work I admired. People whose books I owned, whose ideas had influenced my teaching and scholarship, and who I absolutely fangirled over.

    That conference felt pivotal—not because I met celebrities or because I presented. For the first time, I began to see myself as part of a larger literacy community.

    Joining a community committed to changing lives through literacy

    Over the years, my involvement with ILA continued to grow. I served on committees, I volunteered, and I said yes when opportunities appeared. Eventually, I found myself serving on and even chairing committees alongside scholars whose names had once appeared only on book covers and in journal article references. The people I had admired from afar became colleagues, mentors, and friends. The scholars whose work had shaped my thinking welcomed me into conversations, encouraged my growth, and challenged me to contribute my own voice to the field.

    That is the power of organizations like ILA: They do more than advance literacy. They cultivate people.

    Cheron H. Davis leading a read-aloudThis brings me back to the little girl in that picture up there. She had no idea where literacy would take her. She did not know that Reading Rainbow was doing more than entertaining her after school. She did not know that books were quietly expanding her understanding of the world. She did not know that every story she read was helping her imagine a future she could not yet see. She did not know she would become a classroom teacher. She did not know she would become a professor. She did not know she would spend her career preparing future educators, conducting research, and advocating for children.

    And she certainly did not know she would one day serve on the ILA Board of Directors. But literacy knew. Literacy had been preparing her all along.

    Today, conversations about literacy often focus on what children need to learn. That conversation matters. The research matters. But so does something else. Joy matters. Identity matters. Relationships matter. The art of teaching matters.

    For years, I have argued that literacy education should not force us to choose between science and humanity. That belief ultimately became the foundation for my work on Integrative Literacy Theory. At its core is a simple idea: The Science of Reading. The Art of Teaching. The Promise of Possibility. Children deserve evidence-based instruction. They also deserve teachers who understand that literacy is about more than decoding. Literacy is about agency, opportunity, and belonging. It is about helping children imagine futures they may not yet have the words to describe.

    Beginning a new chapter

    As I embark on this new chapter of service with ILA, I do so with deep gratitude and tremendous optimism. I believe in the power of literacy. I believe in the educators doing this work every day. I believe in mentoring the next generation of teachers, scholars, and literacy leaders. Most of all, I believe in possibility. Because literacy is not merely the ability to read words on a page. It is the ability to imagine a different future and then write yourself into it.

    The little girl in that picture never could have imagined this moment.

    Thankfully, literacy imagined it for her.

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    In the Age of AI, Critical Literacy Starts in Preschool

    Catherine Gibbons
     | Jun 01, 2026

    Young teacher reading aloud to preschool students

    Imagine a preschool-aged child listening closely during a read-aloud of The Bad Seed by Jory John, living vicariously through the choices of the characters. When the story ends, the authentic conversation begins: Was the seed really bad? Can people change? In that exchange, literacy is not about recalling details; rather, it is about constructing meaning to use language to explore ideas and begin to understand the world.

    Now imagine an adult sitting at a café table, laptop open, scrolling through a news article. Eyebrows raise as they pause to check a source. Fingers hover over the keyboard while they mentally weigh the author's intent. They highlight a paragraph, reread a sentence, and ask themselves: Is this reliable? What does this really mean? How should I respond? This work is remarkably similar to the preschooler since both are constructing meaning, questioning, and making decisions.

    Between these two moments lies the full arc of literacy development. A beginning reader learns that words form messages. An adolescent navigating digital and AI generated texts learns that messages are influenced by perspective and author's purpose. Across every stage, reading is not merely skill acquisition, but rather reading is meaning-making, communication, and decision-making. In a world where artificial intelligence can generate text instantly, engaging with readers matters more than ever. 

    Why meaning matters more than ever

    In a world where AI can generate endless text at the click of a button, the real danger isn't that students will use it. The danger is that they might stop thinking about what they read. Traditional assessment often fails to capture what truly matters in reading: Thinking critically with the text.

    AI can generate language, but it cannot determine relevance, truth, or ethical use. Those responsibilities remain with the reader. This is why literacy instruction must prioritize reading messages rather than simply reading all the words, a position by Nell Duke's work on purposeful, authentic reading. Empowering students to read with intention and critically engaging with concepts is essential.

    Conversations as the fuel to comprehension

    Meaning-making is fueled by conversations where teachers ask students before, during, and after reading questions to articulate what a text is saying and why it matters. Here, reading is an act of thinking rather than completing a task. 

    The language teachers use shapes how students see themselves as readers. When classrooms consistently invite interpretation, reflection, and discussion, students develop agency and voice. These discussion-rich practices also prepare students for ethical AI use. Students who regularly justify interpretations and question texts are better equipped to evaluate AI generated content thoughtfully.

    Critical thinking is a literacy skill

    Media literacy and AI literacy are not separate from reading comprehension; rather, they are extensions of it. Evaluating bias, intent, and credibility requires readers to actively monitor understanding and revise interpretations. 

    Kelly B. Cartwright's research highlights that skilled reading depends on coordinating multiple cognitive processes, including attention and self-monitoring. As digital and AI generated texts grow and become more widespread, the stakes for literacy instruction rise; and therefore, students must engage in authentic reading, rich discussion, and intentional response rather than merely practicing skills stripped of meaningful context.

    Starting early has lasting impact

    This work does not begin in upper elementary, middle, and high school. In the preschool classroom, we can see teachers facilitating discussions on character choices and lessons learned. Here they are engaging in early ethical reasoning while also developing rich oral language and expressive vocabulary. Research shows that preschool oral language skills, including vocabulary and grammar, strongly predict later reading comprehension. Preschoolers finding and sharing messages in a text fosters critical thinking and opens a world of possibilities.
     
    As beginning readers explain what a text is mostly about, they strengthen comprehension and oral language simultaneously. These early experiences accumulate. By the time students encounter AI tools, they bring years of practice in listening, interpreting, questioning, and communicating. Without the foundation, AI becomes a shortcut. With it, AI becomes a tool that is used thoughtfully and critically to live responsibly in society.

    Classroom practices that support meaning and language

    Early Childhood Upper Elementary and Middle School 
    Invite children to listen for a message during read-alouds. Engage students in discussions that require justification and multiple perspectives.
    Use open-ended questions to promote talk and vocabulary growth. Connect texts to real-world decisions.
    Primary Grades High School and Post-High School 
    Ask what a text is mostly about—not just what happened. Treat AI-generated text as material for analysis, not answers.
    Provide sentence frames to support oral explanations. Emphasize discussion and reflection as evidence of thinking.
    Across grades, these practices reinforce a shared message: Reading is an active, communicative act of meaning-making.

    Fueling critical thinking in an AI world

    Avoiding technology won’t save literacy. True preparation comes from helping students make meaning, express ideas, and think critically. These skills travel across every text and every tool—including AI. Teachers are preparing students to navigate the world thoughtfully and with responsibility in preschool. This happens when teachers facilitate learning for students to read for messages, communicate ideas, and apply understanding.

    In The Bad Seed, children are invited to wrestle with a powerful idea: People are not defined solely by past behavior, and choices matter. That early conversations mirror the work readers must do throughout their lives. Whether encountering a picture book, a news article, or an AI generated text, readers must ask: What is this saying? Why does it matter? And what will I do with this message? 

    In a world where text can be produced instantly, the most important literacy outcome remains unchanged. What matters most is how deeply readers make meaning, and how wisely they choose to act on it. 

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    5 Summer Activities Libraries Can Host to Boost Engagement

    Tessa Dodson
     | May 20, 2026
    Young elementary students outside exploring with a teacher

    Summer library activities help you prevent learning loss while encouraging children and families to maintain strong reading habits during school breaks. Your library can be an accessible community learning hub where readers explore books and collaborative experiences that keep literacy engagement active throughout the summer months.

    Creating interactive seasonal programs strengthens reading confidence and encourages lifelong reading behaviors across different age groups. Summer literacy programs also provide your community with consistent opportunities to build social connections through shared literacy experiences. The most effective ones encourage active participation while making reading feel collaborative and accessible. These activities combine education, social interaction, and hands-on learning experiences that keep readers connected throughout the break.

    1. Intergenerational book clubs and oral storytelling events

    Intergenerational book clubs and storytelling events can be among the most meaningful summer library activities for strengthening community literary engagement. Your library can create book clubs that pair children, teens, parents, and older adults. You can host storytelling nights where residents share cultural stories and community experiences.

    Learning from lived experience while hearing ideas and solutions from young people can also become a collaborative process for addressing broader social and community challenges. Oral storytelling further supports listening comprehension and encourages stronger emotional connections through shared narratives and discussions.

    2. Community reading challenge with incentives

    One of the most effective summer library activities involves organizing age-based or family-based reading challenges with weekly milestones that keep participants engaged throughout the season. Your library can increase excitement by offering badges or certificates that reward consistent participation and reading progress. 

    Children who participate in summer library reading programs often surpass their peers in reading proficiency because regular reading strengthens comprehension and academic retention. You can implement structured reading routines to reinforce reading stamina while helping participants build long-term literacy habits. Shared goals and group participation further increase motivation by creating a stronger sense of community involvement.

    3. Outdoor story walks and park reading trails

    Your library can create outdoor story walks by placing laminated book pages or QR-linked story stations throughout parks or community walking paths to encourage interactive reading experiences outside traditional spaces. You can add discussion prompts and literacy games along the route to keep participants engaged and turn reading into a more social, hands-on activity.

    Movement-based literacy programs can improve participation among reluctant readers and younger children. Active experiences feel less intimidating and more enjoyable than seated instruction alone. When you combine physical activity with reading, participants form stronger memory associations, making the learning experience more immersive and memorable.

    4. Creative writing and zine-making workshops

    Your library can host creative workshops focused on poetry, comics, or self-published zines to make literacy feel more personal and interactive during the summer. You can invite local authors, educators, or community artists to lead sessions and give participants direct exposure to different forms of storytelling and creative expression.

    These workshops help increase confidence because participants actively create and share their own ideas rather than only consuming written content. Hands-on writing activities can also encourage reluctant readers to engage with language differently by connecting literacy with art, personal reflection, and collaborative creativity.

    5. Literacy-based STEM and research activities

    You can create cross-disciplinary summer library activities that combine books with science- or history-themed projects, encouraging participants to explore literacy across multiple subject areas. Your library might organize mystery-solving scavenger hunts, coding challenges, or research mini-projects that make reading feel more interactive and relevant to real-world learning.

    These programs help improve critical thinking and information-evaluation skills by encouraging participants to analyze sources and apply their knowledge in creative ways. Integrating literacy across disciplines also creates a much richer learning experience as students use literacy for different purposes in various subject areas.

    The importance of summer literacy engagement

    Consistent reading routines help strengthen vocabulary growth and support long-term academic retention during summer breaks. Since the journey to skilled reading typically spans around 10 years, students benefit from high-quality classroom instruction and sustained independent reading practice that reinforces literacy development over time.

    Organizing community-centered literacy activities through your libraries makes books and educational support more accessible to families from different backgrounds. These shared reading experiences also encourage social-emotional development and help participants feel a stronger sense of belonging to the community.

    Making the library a summer learning hub

    Summer library activities help you support academic growth while strengthening community connection through shared learning experiences and consistent literacy engagement outside the school year. Your library can help sustain reading habits beyond traditional classrooms, which makes it important for you to design interactive programs that keep reading social and accessible throughout the entire year.

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