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    In the Age of AI, Critical Literacy Starts in Preschool

    Catherine Gibbons
     | Jun 01, 2026

    Young teacher reading aloud to preschool students

    Imagine a preschool-aged child listening closely during a read-aloud of The Bad Seed by Jory John, living vicariously through the choices of the characters. When the story ends, the authentic conversation begins: Was the seed really bad? Can people change? In that exchange, literacy is not about recalling details; rather, it is about constructing meaning to use language to explore ideas and begin to understand the world.

    Now imagine an adult sitting at a café table, laptop open, scrolling through a news article. Eyebrows raise as they pause to check a source. Fingers hover over the keyboard while they mentally weigh the author's intent. They highlight a paragraph, reread a sentence, and ask themselves: Is this reliable? What does this really mean? How should I respond? This work is remarkably similar to the preschooler since both are constructing meaning, questioning, and making decisions.

    Between these two moments lies the full arc of literacy development. A beginning reader learns that words form messages. An adolescent navigating digital and AI generated texts learns that messages are influenced by perspective and author's purpose. Across every stage, reading is not merely skill acquisition, but rather reading is meaning-making, communication, and decision-making. In a world where artificial intelligence can generate text instantly, engaging with readers matters more than ever. 

    Why meaning matters more than ever

    In a world where AI can generate endless text at the click of a button, the real danger isn't that students will use it. The danger is that they might stop thinking about what they read. Traditional assessment often fails to capture what truly matters in reading: Thinking critically with the text.

    AI can generate language, but it cannot determine relevance, truth, or ethical use. Those responsibilities remain with the reader. This is why literacy instruction must prioritize reading messages rather than simply reading all the words, a position by Nell Duke's work on purposeful, authentic reading. Empowering students to read with intention and critically engaging with concepts is essential.

    Conversations as the fuel to comprehension

    Meaning-making is fueled by conversations where teachers ask students before, during, and after reading questions to articulate what a text is saying and why it matters. Here, reading is an act of thinking rather than completing a task. 

    The language teachers use shapes how students see themselves as readers. When classrooms consistently invite interpretation, reflection, and discussion, students develop agency and voice. These discussion-rich practices also prepare students for ethical AI use. Students who regularly justify interpretations and question texts are better equipped to evaluate AI generated content thoughtfully.

    Critical thinking is a literacy skill

    Media literacy and AI literacy are not separate from reading comprehension; rather, they are extensions of it. Evaluating bias, intent, and credibility requires readers to actively monitor understanding and revise interpretations. 

    Kelly B. Cartwright's research highlights that skilled reading depends on coordinating multiple cognitive processes, including attention and self-monitoring. As digital and AI generated texts grow and become more widespread, the stakes for literacy instruction rise; and therefore, students must engage in authentic reading, rich discussion, and intentional response rather than merely practicing skills stripped of meaningful context.

    Starting early has lasting impact

    This work does not begin in upper elementary, middle, and high school. In the preschool classroom, we can see teachers facilitating discussions on character choices and lessons learned. Here they are engaging in early ethical reasoning while also developing rich oral language and expressive vocabulary. Research shows that preschool oral language skills, including vocabulary and grammar, strongly predict later reading comprehension. Preschoolers finding and sharing messages in a text fosters critical thinking and opens a world of possibilities.
     
    As beginning readers explain what a text is mostly about, they strengthen comprehension and oral language simultaneously. These early experiences accumulate. By the time students encounter AI tools, they bring years of practice in listening, interpreting, questioning, and communicating. Without the foundation, AI becomes a shortcut. With it, AI becomes a tool that is used thoughtfully and critically to live responsibly in society.

    Classroom practices that support meaning and language

    Early Childhood Upper Elementary and Middle School 
    Invite children to listen for a message during read-alouds. Engage students in discussions that require justification and multiple perspectives.
    Use open-ended questions to promote talk and vocabulary growth. Connect texts to real-world decisions.
    Primary Grades High School and Post-High School 
    Ask what a text is mostly about—not just what happened. Treat AI-generated text as material for analysis, not answers.
    Provide sentence frames to support oral explanations. Emphasize discussion and reflection as evidence of thinking.
    Across grades, these practices reinforce a shared message: Reading is an active, communicative act of meaning-making.

    Fueling critical thinking in an AI world

    Avoiding technology won’t save literacy. True preparation comes from helping students make meaning, express ideas, and think critically. These skills travel across every text and every tool—including AI. Teachers are preparing students to navigate the world thoughtfully and with responsibility in preschool. This happens when teachers facilitate learning for students to read for messages, communicate ideas, and apply understanding.

    In The Bad Seed, children are invited to wrestle with a powerful idea: People are not defined solely by past behavior, and choices matter. That early conversations mirror the work readers must do throughout their lives. Whether encountering a picture book, a news article, or an AI generated text, readers must ask: What is this saying? Why does it matter? And what will I do with this message? 

    In a world where text can be produced instantly, the most important literacy outcome remains unchanged. What matters most is how deeply readers make meaning, and how wisely they choose to act on it. 

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    5 Summer Activities Libraries Can Host to Boost Engagement

    Tessa Dodson
     | May 20, 2026
    Young elementary students outside exploring with a teacher

    Summer library activities help you prevent learning loss while encouraging children and families to maintain strong reading habits during school breaks. Your library can be an accessible community learning hub where readers explore books and collaborative experiences that keep literacy engagement active throughout the summer months.

    Creating interactive seasonal programs strengthens reading confidence and encourages lifelong reading behaviors across different age groups. Summer literacy programs also provide your community with consistent opportunities to build social connections through shared literacy experiences. The most effective ones encourage active participation while making reading feel collaborative and accessible. These activities combine education, social interaction, and hands-on learning experiences that keep readers connected throughout the break.

    1. Intergenerational book clubs and oral storytelling events

    Intergenerational book clubs and storytelling events can be among the most meaningful summer library activities for strengthening community literary engagement. Your library can create book clubs that pair children, teens, parents, and older adults. You can host storytelling nights where residents share cultural stories and community experiences.

    Learning from lived experience while hearing ideas and solutions from young people can also become a collaborative process for addressing broader social and community challenges. Oral storytelling further supports listening comprehension and encourages stronger emotional connections through shared narratives and discussions.

    2. Community reading challenge with incentives

    One of the most effective summer library activities involves organizing age-based or family-based reading challenges with weekly milestones that keep participants engaged throughout the season. Your library can increase excitement by offering badges or certificates that reward consistent participation and reading progress. 

    Children who participate in summer library reading programs often surpass their peers in reading proficiency because regular reading strengthens comprehension and academic retention. You can implement structured reading routines to reinforce reading stamina while helping participants build long-term literacy habits. Shared goals and group participation further increase motivation by creating a stronger sense of community involvement.

    3. Outdoor story walks and park reading trails

    Your library can create outdoor story walks by placing laminated book pages or QR-linked story stations throughout parks or community walking paths to encourage interactive reading experiences outside traditional spaces. You can add discussion prompts and literacy games along the route to keep participants engaged and turn reading into a more social, hands-on activity.

    Movement-based literacy programs can improve participation among reluctant readers and younger children. Active experiences feel less intimidating and more enjoyable than seated instruction alone. When you combine physical activity with reading, participants form stronger memory associations, making the learning experience more immersive and memorable.

    4. Creative writing and zine-making workshops

    Your library can host creative workshops focused on poetry, comics, or self-published zines to make literacy feel more personal and interactive during the summer. You can invite local authors, educators, or community artists to lead sessions and give participants direct exposure to different forms of storytelling and creative expression.

    These workshops help increase confidence because participants actively create and share their own ideas rather than only consuming written content. Hands-on writing activities can also encourage reluctant readers to engage with language differently by connecting literacy with art, personal reflection, and collaborative creativity.

    5. Literacy-based STEM and research activities

    You can create cross-disciplinary summer library activities that combine books with science- or history-themed projects, encouraging participants to explore literacy across multiple subject areas. Your library might organize mystery-solving scavenger hunts, coding challenges, or research mini-projects that make reading feel more interactive and relevant to real-world learning.

    These programs help improve critical thinking and information-evaluation skills by encouraging participants to analyze sources and apply their knowledge in creative ways. Integrating literacy across disciplines also creates a much richer learning experience as students use literacy for different purposes in various subject areas.

    The importance of summer literacy engagement

    Consistent reading routines help strengthen vocabulary growth and support long-term academic retention during summer breaks. Since the journey to skilled reading typically spans around 10 years, students benefit from high-quality classroom instruction and sustained independent reading practice that reinforces literacy development over time.

    Organizing community-centered literacy activities through your libraries makes books and educational support more accessible to families from different backgrounds. These shared reading experiences also encourage social-emotional development and help participants feel a stronger sense of belonging to the community.

    Making the library a summer learning hub

    Summer library activities help you support academic growth while strengthening community connection through shared learning experiences and consistent literacy engagement outside the school year. Your library can help sustain reading habits beyond traditional classrooms, which makes it important for you to design interactive programs that keep reading social and accessible throughout the entire year.

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    A Teacher's Experience Overcoming Systemic Hurdles

    Maile Newberry-Wortham
     | Apr 28, 2026
    A young teacher with her student at the front of the class presenting

    When Saundra (pseudonym) invited me into her literacy classroom to work together, she expressed her desire to prioritize student voice and incorporate their stories into her literacy instruction. Saundra and I discussed a small-scale project, as part of a large ongoing research project, in which I would visit her and spend a week in her classroom, examining how her students told stories. Before this project, I had known Saundra for many years and we were reconnected through a professional development experience.  

    For this project, I drew upon a series of interviews with Saundra and a week of observation in Saundra’s classroom. As the week went on, Saundra and I realized there was a disconnect between how deeply she wanted to encourage her students to tell their stories and use their voices. Therefore, the research project shifted into discussing possibilities for empowering more student voice in such a restrictive environment.

    Saundra teaches first grade in an urban public school district. Neoliberal, capitalistic, and individualistic pressures often lead schools like Saundra’s to prioritize state standards, high-stakes testing, and restrictive curricula, limiting teacher and student agency. These pressures and their implicit emphasis on power and control within the education system are communicated to teachers and contradict the value of listening to children's voices and students’ stories. Saundra’s experience reflects the realities that many teachers across the United States face when it comes to the delicate balance between the pressures of what they feel they must do and what they know is best practice for their students.

    In Saundra’s classroom—similar to many public schools around the U.S.—there are many structures teachers have to consider in their pedagogical decisions. For Saundra, the structure and systems of schooling created hurdles along the path to the expansive, student-centered ways in which Saundra desired to teach literacy. In what follows, I present five hurdles Saundra encountered:

    1. The Classroom

    In Saundra’s classroom, educational posters covering all four walls emphasized the importance of literacy as specific skills to be taught and measured in systematic ways, focusing on discrete phonemic and phonological awareness as well as district-required data displays for a standardized Readiness Evaluation. The displays visually reinforced the importance of measurable skills in literacy education.

    2. Time Constraints

    Saundra’s day was neatly organized, but left her little time to infuse the topics or activities that she was passionate about into her instruction. Saundra felt forced to “cram it all in” when she was teaching rather than giving students the time to explore (despite her desire to make the time). Saundra had to balance the knowledge that students could learn literacy skills in multiple ways with the real pressures of time.

    3. Curricular Structures

    The curriculum for literacy at Gold Elementary (pseudonym) focused heavily on phonological and morphological skill development for students and left no room for creative expression or exploration in non-scripted, non-standardized ways. Due to the tightly bound and mandated literacy curriculum, Saundra was limited from spending curricular time and space on including students’ voices and experiences into classroom literacy practices. 

    4. Testing Pressures

    Despite her desire to foster expansive, student-centered literacy, Saundra found herself constrained by the requirements of preparing her students for benchmark evaluations. The pressure of having students perform well on the Readiness Evaluation (pseudonym) is openly communicated to teachers, including Saundra, from the school administration. Saundra described how “everything that I do, I try to use as a resource that is going to help my students do better on their diagnostic.” Saundra experienced tension between teaching the memorization of skills for the test or teaching literacy in ways that created space for her students’ voices.

    5. Professional Hierarchy

    No matter how much Saundra desired to change aspects of literacy to include more of her students’ stories and less time on scripted-lessons, Saundra had to ensure that she was meeting the expectations of her supervisors, who held control over her employment contract and directed her in what must be done and should not be done in her classroom academic plans. Balancing the dynamic of respecting her supervisors and their directives for instruction was at tension with Saundra’s desire to push the boundaries of administrative directives towards more student voice.

    Clearing the Hurdles

    For educators who value students’ voices and stories in the classroom, small steps can become bigger movements in your school over time and lead to educators clearing these five hurdles in their path.

    • Assess the daily schedule to find windows for students’ voices to be central. For example, teachers can assess their morning meeting and closing circle routines to incorporate more time for student sharing or ensure that their literacy block includes student sharing time at the end, before moving onto the next subject of the day.
    • Consider when independent student assignments from a guided curriculum could be supplemented to include group or partner work for students.
    • Dedicate a portion of reading instructional time for students to talk to their peers about books through sharing circles or book club groups.
    • Ensure that writing instructional blocks include free writing time to encourage student voices in print.
    • Engage in professional book studies with colleagues to collaboratively learn about expansive, student-centered approaches to literacy instruction.
    Saundra’s experience provides insights into the relationship between the public schooling system, teacher pedagogical beliefs, and the negotiation of challenges that arise for educators like Saundra. When facing hurdles, teachers can make space for students’ voices in small ways and can collaborate with their colleagues to find ways to do so.

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    Standing on the Shoulders of a 70-Year Legacy

    Allison Dagen
     | Mar 24, 2026
    Allison Dagen for blogAs ILA marks its 70th anniversary, we’re inviting members to share their journeys in literacy education. Here, Allison Dagen, professor at West Virginia University and an ILA member since 1993, shares her own.

    Literacy education feels complicated right now.

    There’s a lot of information, a lot of talk and opinions, and often a lot of pressure to make important decisions about instruction, curriculum, materials, and policy. Despite decades of evidence-based research, educators are still navigating competing perspectives and real-world constraints in their classrooms.

    I have been a member of ILA for 33 years—nearly half of the organization’s existence. During that time, I have had a front row seat as ILA has worked to demystify information overload and clarify complex issues, providing credible, research-based guidance that bridges scholarship and classroom practice. You see this reflected in concise position statements, standards for the preparation of literacy professionals, and online-based professional learning that are thoughtful, nuanced, and deeply informed by research. 

    That is a major reason literacy professionals continue to turn to ILA. It is a strong organization championing the idea that literacy work is always evolving and best advanced when research and practice inform one another within a collaborative network.
     
    ILA is not just relevant; it’s reliable. Its members include literacy researchers and practitioners, some of whom are new to the profession, and others who have been engaged in this work for decades.

    My education and work experiences have taken me to many places: Graduate study at Bloomsburg University, teaching middle school ELA in Pennsylvania’s Pleasant Valley School District, doctoral work at the University of Pittsburgh, and, for the past 24 years, serving as a professor in literacy education at West Virginia University. 

    Across every stage—student, teacher, professor—ILA has been a constant presence, shaping how I think about literacy and my role in advancing it. It hasn’t just supported my work; it has helped shape my professional identity.

    Being part of the organization has allowed me to become part of the literacy community, spanning all these different settings and work opportunities. I think about this notion of community often, especially as it relates to my colleague, mentor, and friend, the GOAT, Rita Bean.

    ILA “introduced” me to Rita through The Reading Teacher when I read her 1979 article, Role of the Reading Specialist: A Multifaceted Dilemma, for a graduate school assignment. I was intrigued by the role of the reading specialist as a resource to teachers, as Rita presented in that journal. 

    Imagine the highlight of my professional life: Five or six years after reading the multifaceted dilemma piece, I had the privilege of working directly with Rita Bean as a graduate assistant at the University of Pittsburgh. And now, all these years later, it is an honor to continue working with Rita and so many other magnificent ILA members.

    Being part of an organization with a 70-year legacy means standing on the shoulders of generations of literacy educators, researchers, and practitioners committed to advancing the field thoughtfully. It also means learning from the next generation and ensuring that this work continues in 2056 and beyond.

    My advice to literacy professionals at any career stage is this: Join ILA, register for the webinars, attend your statewide conferences, learn who is doing research in the facets of literacy that interest you, and actively build your literacy network. Find your people

    We all need to be part of something bigger than ourselves, a place to collaborate with like-missioned people. For me, ILA has been that place—and always will be.



    Back in the late 1990s, reading was receiving significant national attention with the publication of Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children (1998), the National Reading Panel’s (2000), and the work of the ILA (then IRA) Commission on the Role of the Reading Specialist. Rita served on that commission—an important part of my professional journey with her that I will return to shortly. 

    When I started at the University of Pittsburgh, Rita was a respected leader in reading education, both nationally and locally, and was involved in numerous literacy initiatives, projects, and grants. At the time, she was serving as the School of Education’s associate dean, deeply involved in academic affairs, supporting faculty, and developing policy.  Despite her many responsibilities, she was always available to the graduate assistants. I deeply respected that about her and learned a great deal about being a professional educator by simply observing her actions and interactions.  

    As graduate assistants, we had assignments that varied but were all centered on literacy. Our work included supporting young readers at the university reading clinic, facilitating teacher learning opportunities—such as hosting Marcia Henry for Orton–Gillingham Academy professional learning on campus, and serving as school liaisons for Rita’s large Eisenhower grant.  This statewide collaborative effort, called LEADERS, spanned multiple universities to support regional K-3 teachers, and I worked as a literacy coach with Pittsburgh Public Schools. There were many of us dedicated to this project, thanks to Rita’s successful grant writing, which resulted in funding for these positions. We were supporting beginning reading teachers and simultaneously learning in Rita’s graduate classes while she mentored our development as researchers.   

    This brings me back to the ILA Commission. I was familiar with the commission’s work already, being a member of the IRA for a few years. This group of respected educators was tasked with conducting a national study on the role of the reading specialist and later publishing both a review of the literature and the study’s findings in The Reading Teacher. Looking back, it feels somewhat surreal that at that time, advocacy for the reading specialist leadership role was still evolving. Today, of course, the leadership dimension of the role is formally recognized through a dedicated ILA Standard.

    To put this moment in perspective, less than a decade earlier, I had been reading Rita’s scholarship as a master’s student.  Now I was sitting across the table from her, as a doctoral candidate with her as my advisor, participating in a study aligned with the ILA Commission’s work. Did I mention this was my first research study, alongside THE Rita Bean? This study examined exemplary reading programs and included the voices of principals and reading specialists; our aim was to find out specifically how the reading specialists functioned in these schools.

    During this experience, I learned what it meant to conduct research—from data collection and analysis to academic writing and presenting findings. And yes, we presented this study at the IRA conference—my first—in Indianapolis in 2000. This work eventually resulted in my first ILA publication in 2003, Reading Specialists in Schools with Exemplary Reading Programs: Functional, Versatile, and Prepared.

    For this reason—Rita Bean, ILA, and the role of the reading specialist—this period holds a very special place in my journey. 

    Find out more about ILA's 70th anniversary celebrations and how to show your support for advancing literacy worldwide.
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    From Book Selection to Discussion: How to Lead Effective Read-Alouds

    Aileen Hower
     | Feb 17, 2026
    Young man teaches a class of elementary students

    World Read-Aloud Day brings classrooms, families, libraries, and communities together through the power of shared stories. A single voice and a meaningful book can shape students’ identities, nurture empathy, and ignite a passion for literacy that lasts a lifetime. Reading aloud does much more than build decoding, fluency, or oral language and listening skills—it creates a communal learning space where every reader belongs.

    In addition, reading aloud can:

    • Encourage a lifelong commitment to reading as a joyful habit
    • Help shape positive reading attitudes, particularly for developing readers
    • Expose students to a wide range of literature, genres, and perspectives
    • Promote vocabulary and language development through authentic oral models
    • Widen students’ views of themselves, others, and the broader community
    • Foster communal experience—a sense of belonging around a story

    How to get started

    The right book can transform a read-aloud moment. During your search, consider the following:

    • Use trusted sources such as The Reading Teacher, Language Arts, The Horn Book, and the School Library Journal.
    • Check reliable websites and local bookstores for curated recommendations and thematic lists.
    • Prioritize diverse book options from platforms like We Need Diverse Books and publishers such as Lee & Low Books, Kokila (Penguin Books), and Groundwood Books (House of Anansi Press).
    • Preview the book at least once before reading it aloud, shelving it in your classroom library, or recommending it to colleagues. A pre-read helps you note discussion points, sensitive areas, pacing, and places to pause for questions or reactions.

    Videos featuring read-alouds

    Below are curated examples of videos that feature authors or organizations reading books aloud with permission or through official partnerships.

    Author Read-Aloud Example: High-quality read-aloud videos with permission from the author (the author reads aloud their book).

    WeAreTeachers Storytime Series: A storytime video series featuring children’s book authors.

    Reading Is Fundamental Read-Aloud Collection: Features authors and professional readers sharing beloved titles.

    Storyline Online: Features actors reading popular children's books. The app also provides another platform for digital read-alouds.

    TeachingBooks Collection: Multimedia author interviews, readings, and book guides.

    E Train Talks Books: A nonprofit created by a student, dedicated to celebrating stories and changing the world for the better one book at a time.

    Authors Everywhere: Author-created videos for literacy learning.

    Reading Rainbow: A space to discover digital read-alouds and related content.

    Publisher Permissions: Many publishers provide read-aloud guidelines for educators and promote read alouds by their authors on YouTube and other digital platforms.

    More read-aloud resources

    World Read-Aloud Day invites every educator, caregiver, child, and community member to share the power of story. Whether you choose a classic, a contemporary release, or a beloved childhood favorite, the act of reading aloud strengthens literacy, deepens empathy, and unites us through shared experience.

    All throughout February, ILA is sharing resources to support read-alouds in classrooms or shared with families to support read-aloud practices at home. Be sure to review the full list!
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